The Ultimate SAT Biology Subject Test Study Guide

The Ultimate SAT Biology Subject Test Study Guide SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On the off chance that you’re applying to particular schools, you may need to submit SAT Subject Test scores alongside your standard SAT (or ACT) scores. The Biology Subject Test (additionally called Biology SAT II) is a famous one on the grounds that a lion's share of understudies take science in secondary school, and most understudies think that its less scary than science or material science. This test can be an extraordinary method to satisfy your Subject Test necessities, particularly in the event that you plan on examining science in school and need to flaunt your aptitudes. In this investigation manage, I’ll give all of you the foundation data you have to begin reading for the Biology Subject Test just as model inquiries, practice materials, and study tips to use en route. Science SAT Subject Test Overview: Format and Test Dates As far as Biology SAT Subject Tests, you can decide to take either Biology Ecological (Biology-E) or Biology Molecular (Biology-M). As per the College Board's depictions of the two SAT Subject Tests, Biology-E inclines more toward organic networks, populaces, and vitality stream, while Biology-M is progressively intended for natural chemistry, cell structure and procedures, for example, breath and photosynthesis. The two adaptations have a similar test configuration and rules: Complete Time: an hour Complete Number of Questions: 80 different decision questions Scoring: Scored on a scale from 200 to 800 No adding machine permitted! Sixty of the inquiries are indistinguishable for the two adaptations of the test, while the last 20 are specific to either E or M. Science E/M is offered on the May, June, August, October, November, and December SAT Subject Test dates. Would it be advisable for you to Take the Biology Subject Test? Which Version? Since you comprehend what the Biology SAT Subject Test involves, would it be a good idea for you to take it or not? To enable you to choose, you have to initially see whether any of the schools you’re applying to require or suggest SAT Subject Tests. You can do this by basically taking a gander at our other article for a full rundown of schools that request that candidates send Subject Test scores (we likewise present these schools’ explicit prerequisites). On the off chance that you definitely realize that you have to step through Subject Exams, there are a couple of reasons you may look to the Biology test as a suitable alternative. Need to show signs of improvement evaluations and grades? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best coaching administration. We join world-class master coaches with our restrictive instructing procedures. Our understudies have gotten An's on a large number of classes, ideal 5's on AP tests, and outrageously high SAT Subject Test scores. Regardless of whether you need assistance with science, math, English, sociology, or more, we have you secured. Show signs of improvement reviews today with PrepScholar Tutors. When to Consider Taking the Biology Subject Test Here are three cases in which it's a keen plan to consider taking the Biology SAT Subject Test. #1: You Just Took a Biology Class It's ideal to step through the exam in the spring directly after you finish a science course to eliminate study time. Here is the College Board’s suggested groundwork for the Biology Subject Test: A one-year early on school preliminary course in science A one-year course in variable based math Research center understanding The Biology Subject Test is a particularly smart thought if you’ve simply taken AP Biology (and have just arranged for the AP test). Subject tests are less exceptional than AP tests, so in correlation, it will most likely appear to be a breeze to you. #2: You Haven't Taken a Science Subject Test Most universities that require or suggest SAT Subject Tests are searching for one in the humanities and one in technical disciplines (aside from several exceptions, for example, MIT, which needs math and science Subject Tests). In the event that you have to step through a Subject Examination in technical studies and you’re apprehensive about it, Biology is the best approach. It ought to be somewhat simpler for you than Physics or Chemistry will be if you’re a more grounded humanities understudy. Why? The Biology test includes less dark ideas and estimations, and you can depend marginally more on retention and essential rationale to address the inquiries. #3: You Have a Special Interest in Biology In the event that you’re keen on seeking after science as a course of study, it’s a good thought to take the Biology Subject Test as an approach to exhibit your inclination for the subject. On the off chance that you’ve additionally done other particular projects or undertakings in secondary school identified with science, stepping through the Subject Exam will just support the cohesiveness of your application. Okay, how about we do this. Accepting a few or the entirety of the variables recorded above concern you, and you’ve chose to step through the examination, there’s still one more choice to make: Biology E or Biology M? Step by step instructions to Decide Between the Biology E and Biology M Versions I gave you a short depiction of the substance of every one of these two tests in the past segment, however it most likely wasn't sufficient data for you to settle on a choice. This decision at last comes down to whether you’re progressively OK with the large scale or miniaturized scale parts of science. SAT Biology-E manages huge scope vitality stream in biological systems and changes in the earth after some time. On the other hand, Biology M concentrates more on the concoction components of science that happen on a microscopic scale. On the off chance that you’re even more a science-arranged understudy, you’ll most likely be in an ideal situation with Biology-M. In the event that you’re more into subjects like history and English, Biology-E may be a superior decision. Remember that the two tests aren’t totally unique. There are just 20 inquiries out of 80 that are explicit to either E or M. Consequently, I wouldn’t stress a lot over your decision. On the off chance that you took a science class and did sensibly well in it, you shouldn’t have an issue with either form of the test. Gracious, and for anybody who’s pondering indeed, you can take both Biology-E and Biology-M, yet you can’t take them both on a similar test date (bodes well, considering they’re nearly a similar test!). Science M is progressively about this sort of stuff. You know-all the dreadful things occurring at the atomic level inside your body. Right. Presently. What’s on the Biology SAT II? Here’s a substance outline gave by the College Board that rundowns the division of points for every adaptation of the Biology SAT Subject Test: From the outline, you can see that a lot more inquiries are committed to Cellular and Molecular Biology on the Biology-M test, and a lot more are dedicated to Ecology on the Biology-E test. Notice that Biology M additionally has somewhat more inquiries on Genetics, while Biology E has marginally more inquiries on Evolution and Diversity. The two tests have a similar number of inquiries managing Organismal Biology. These points should all be recognizable to you if you’ve taken a science course. The kinds of aptitudes tried on both Biology-E and Biology-M incorporate the accompanying: Reviewing major ideas and explicit realities (about 30% of test) Applying natural information to reasonable situations introduced on the test and taking care of issues utilizing numerical connections (about 35% of test) Making derivations and framing ends dependent on subjective and quantitative information (about 35% of test) Basically, 70% of inquiries will introduce a situation and afterward request that you make reasonings or counts dependent on it. The situation could be a graph of microorganisms development or a depiction of a lab strategy. It’s essential to know the crucial pieces of an analysis (autonomous and subordinate factors) and have the option to extend your comprehension onto new circumstances. The other 30% of inquiries simply pose to you to review natural realities legitimately. I'll give instances of various kinds of inquiries you can hope to see on the test in the following area. You may see inquiries regarding changes in species populace thickness in a specific biological system. It's the ciiiiiircle of liiiiiiifeeeee! Science Subject Test Question Types Here are a couple of authentic instances of the various sorts of inquiries you may see on the Biology Subject Test. Each question relates to one of the three aptitudes I referenced previously. Type 1: Data Interpretation As I referenced in the past area, a significant number of the inquiries on the test pose to you to take a gander at information and make reasonings from the data given. In this inquiry, despite the fact that species Y isn’t expressly referenced in the graph, we know from the foundation data that whatever level of species X is planted, species Y seeds must make up the rest of. To respond to the inquiry, we need to make sense of where the charted line crosses with the line that demonstrates the 25% blemish on the x-pivot (that is, the collect at where 25% species X and 75% species Y were planted). Apparently the collect was half species X, which implies it should likewise have been half species Y. Along these lines, the right answer is C. Type 2: Applying Concepts In this inquiry, you’re requested to apply your science information to a given circumstance. For what reason did the outcomes recorded in the diagram happen dependent on what you think about the investigation? From the foundation data (and from reading for the test), we realize that thymine is one of the four principle nucleotide bases present in DNA. Decision E bodes well as a response to this inquiry in light of the fact that as the incipient organisms create, they’re reliably shaping DNA utilizing the radioactive thymine that’s accessible to them. As I composed above, you'll additionally be solicited to apply your insight from the logical strategy and lab strategies to explicit situations on the test. Investigate the following inquiry managing this radioactivity test: The right answer is decision C. This would be a proper control situation since RNA contains

Polonius is an interesting Essay Example

Polonius is a fascinating Paper The characters assume significant jobs in Shakespeares Hamlet. Each character is novel in his of her commitment to the whole play. Without specific characters, the play would not have a similar impact. Polonius is an intriguing and confused character who has a significant influence in Hamlet. In spite of the fact that he isn't one of the fundamental characters, Polonius fills in as the meddlesome boss guide to King Claudius. Poloniuss dangerous character and interfering conduct prompts his deadly end. Poloniuss first expanded talking scene is in Act I, Scene 3. In this scene, Laertes is addressing his sister Ophelia about Hamlets consideration towards her. He cautions her to ensure her excellencies. Polonius shows up and reminds his child that he ought to be en route to Paris. Directly after Laertes leaves, Polonius goes to his little girl and asks her what they were talking about before he went into the room. In spite of the fact that it might be normal for a dad to be worry with his girls life, Polonius didn't act concerned-simply uninformed and condemning. The absence of Poloniuss concern can be perused in his reactions to Ophelia. Directly after she uncovers that they were discussing Hamlet, Polonius reprimanded her. We will compose a custom paper test on Polonius is a fascinating explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Polonius is a fascinating explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Polonius is a fascinating explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer When Ophelia discloses to her dad that Laertes was worried about Hamlets late made a large number (1. 3. 108), Polonius just laughs at the possibility of Hamlet being mindful towards her. His words are gruff and harsh. He calls Ophelia a woodcock (1. 3. 124), which is a simple winged creature. Polonius doesn't consider his little girls affections for Hamlet. He keeps on notice her to act well so she doesn't cause him to seem a numb-skull. He precludes her from seeing Hamlet for an inappropriate, childish reasons. In this scene, Poloniuss character shows an egotistical nature where he just thinks about his picture. His inconsiderateness to his little girl shows that he couldn't care less about her. Rather, he is dubious that she may destroy his notoriety and that Hamlet has the most exceedingly awful goals for Ophelia. Polonius is childish, dubious, and heartless. The dubious quality later has an influence in Claudiuss demise when he is attempting to discover the explanation for Hamlets craziness. Polonius is intruding in his children life in Act II, Scene 1. Before Laertes leaves to Paris, Polonius offered him some final expressions of guidance. Polonius reminds him thou canst not be bogus to any man (1. 3. 83) and to thine own self be valid (1.3. 84). Polonius is requesting that his child be decent and ethical. Polonius is double-dealing for offering his child this guidance since he isn't trusting of his own child. After his child leaves, he sends Reynaldo to follow Laertes to Paris to discover how he is acting. Polonius doesn't confide in his child and does the offensive thing of sending a covert agent. For what reason would Polonius offer Laertes caring guidance and still not trust his child? This shows another shortcoming of Polonius. He can't figure out how to confide in others. He is a wolf in sheep's clothing for requesting that his child be good when he can't tune in to his own recommendation. Polonius is demonstrated not to be a noteworthy man and this unexpectedly is the means by which he was executed. Polonius did the inconceivable demonstration of spying and listening in on a private discussion and is executed. On the off chance that Polonius had tune in to his own recommendation to his child, Polonius would have never fortitude in Hamlets life and consistently spy on him. Poloniuss work is to be King Claudiuss boss instructor. Some portion of the set of working responsibilities is to assist Claudius with sifting through data and settle on shrewd choices. Be that as it may, there are minutes when it appears as if Polonius needs to make the last word, as restrict to letting Claudius settle on an official conclusion. This shows Polonius likes to interfere in different people groups business, including his own lords life. Polonius doesn't let others live their lives without his words. Being intrusive is the motivation behind why Polonius engaged with Hamlets mental stability issue and leads Polonius to his demise later in the play. In Act II, Scene 2, Polonius proposes a purpose behind Hamlets abrupt lunacy. He accepts the explanation is that Ophelia will not see Hamlet and that by itself has driven Hamlet into frenzy. Polonius devises an arrangement where he will let Ophelia converse with Hamlet. During their experience, Polonius and Claudius will watch the circumstance from a shrouded region. From this experience, Polonius guarantees Claudius that they will locate the genuine explanation behind Hamlets frenzy. Poloniuss lack of care towards Ophelias circumstance is indicated when he utilizes her for his own arrangements. He doesn't mull over her sentiments and utilizations her as a prop to intrigue Claudius. Be that as it may, Poloniuss plan didn't satisfy Claudius. In the wake of watching the couple associates, Claudius is presently persuaded that affection isn't the reason for Hamlets absurdity. Disappointed that the King didn't concur with his hypothesis, Polonius urges one final endeavor to discover Hamlets mystery. Polonius is frantic to persuade the King that his hypothesis is correct. Polonius needs to satisfy Claudius, however he additionally wouldn't like to not be right. As an advocate, he ought to be submissive to the King. Rather, he attempts to control Claudius by overlooking Claudiuss hypothesis and persuades him to give one final endeavor to locate every bit of relevant information. Much to his dismay his last intruding in Hamlets life would be a deadly one. Poloniuss life closes grievously. While taking cover behind the arras and spying on Hamlet and Queen Gertrude, Polonius is persuaded reality would be uncovered. Polonius is intruding in Hamlets life by engaging in a circumstance that has nothing to do with him. During Hamlets and Gertrudes discussion, she is scared by Hamlet which prompts Polonius to reverberate a shout out for help. Thinking Polonius was the ruler, Hamlet pushes his sword into the arras and slaughters him, whom Hamlet depicts as a numb-skull (3. 4. 38). Indeed, even Hamlet perceives that Poloniuss passing is avoidable if just he had avoided everyones private issue. Poloniuss unexpected demise is brought about by his meddlesome, intruding ways. He is out to look for reality with regards to Hamlet and, amusingly, is executed by Hamlet. In the event that Polonius quit interfering in Hamlets life in Act II, Scene 1, he would at present be alive to be by the Kings side. Rather, he powers his way into discovering privileged insights that don't includes him and winds up dead. Poloniuss dangerous and prying character is the thing that executes him. Polonius assumes a significant job in Shakespeares play Hamlet. He interferes in different characters lives. He likewise sticks his nose into others circumstances. He is a childish, dubious, despicable, and meddling. These characteristics are damaging and that is the reason his life finished so disastrously. Poloniuss early demise portends different characters passings later in the play.

Speech Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Discourse Class - Essay Example Then again, unlawful activities give no advantage to the legislature, yet authorization will get expenses and help control the tasks too. â€Å"It is assessed that pot is the biggest money crop in California, with yearly incomes drawing closer $14 billion. A 10% pot expense would yield $1.4 billion in California alone. A genuine maryjane monetary upgrade package!† (Klein, Joe, 2009; â€Å"US Policy on Drugs†, n.d.; Wolff, Madeline, 2009) 1. â€Å"Cannabis being utilized as a treatment returns to China in 28 BC. Head Shen-Nung endorsed cannabis for: beriberi, obstruction, female shortcoming, gout, intestinal sickness, ailment, and missing mindedness† (â€Å"Marijuana Uses - Marijuana as Medicine†, 2009) Saad, Lydia. â€Å"U.S. Backing for Legalizing Marijuana Reaches New High.† Gallup.com. 19 October 2009. 17 November 2009. Wolff, Madeline. â€Å"Legalizing cannabis can decrease wrongdoing, increment income for state.† sundial.csun.edu. 2009. 17 November 2009.

How Does Your Top Choice Law School Rank in Accepteds Selectivity Index

Applying to law school is a long, costly process. Every applicant believes that the schools they are applying to are the correct fit for them, and then are devastated if and when they receive rejection letters in place of the acceptance letters they were expecting. Unfortunately, many applicants make several critical errors during the application process, including minimizing the importance of their LSAT scores and GPA as well as ignoring overall acceptance rates. How you can avoid the law school admissions errors that trip up so many applicants Don’t you wish you had all of the information in one place to help you apply to law school realistically and effectively? That information is now available to you. Accepted’s 2019 Law School Selectivity Index is now online. The Index is based on the most recent U.S. News ranking data. It includes the following information: Average GPA: Stanford has the highest GPA of 3.93. Last year, Yale took the top spot with a 3.91 average GPA. This year, Yale’s average GPA is 3.92, earning it the #2 spot after Stanford. Harvard snags the third slot with 3.90. The average GPA of the top 10 schools is 3.858. LSAT scores: Harvard and Yale tie for first place with a median LSAT score is 173. Columbia is next in line with a median LSAT score of 172. The average LSAT of the top 10 schools is 170.5. Acceptance rates: Yale has the lowest acceptance rate at 6.9%, considerably lower than its 2018 acceptance rate of 8.4%. The average acceptance rate at the top 10 schools is 17.2%. Not surprisingly, Yale is ranked #1 (100) in the Selectivity Index, followed by Stanford (97.2) and Harvard (93.1). The Law School Selectivity Index helps you determine, based on this data, how realistic a chance you have of acceptance at any given school. ; Although these metrics are not the only ones used to determine admission, they do reflect how difficult it is to be accepted to different law schools. They also indicate which metrics are more important to which schools. Why the Law School Selectivity Index is just one tool in your application toolkit Although helpful, the Selectivity Index has several weaknesses: It doesn’t reflect non-qualitative information. This information plays a role in the admission process. Those applicants with strong non-qualitative attributes often allow these students to be accepted when their stats are not as strong. It doesn’t reflect a school’s need for diversity in their classes and community. It doesn’t include the importance of demonstrating fit with a specific school’s strengths, mission, and values. Despite these weaknesses, the Selectivity Index is an important resource for your admissions process. Law schools are purposeful in how they choose whom they accept, and your numbers – your GPA and LSAT scores – are critical in determining your law school competitiveness and where you should apply. Your application process needs to be equally thoughtful and purposeful. The Law School Selectivity Index will show you where your numbers fall and help you choose to apply to a mix of law schools – some where you are competitive, and some that will be your â€Å"safety† schools, and reaches. This knowledge will help make your application process much less stressful and enhance the likelihood of your snagging a spot in next year’s law school class. Check out the 2019 Law School Selectivity Index here. ; How an expert law school admissions advisor can help The law school admissions process is long and grueling, and competition is fierce. If you want this law school application to be the one that gets you accepted, then you’ll need to be strategic and thoughtful when you choose where to apply. This is where our expert admissions consultants step in. When you work one-on-one with an Accepted advisor, one with decades of experience, you learn how to position yourself strategically and thoughtfully, how to use your competitive advantage to come out ahead of the thousands of other applicants. Explore our Law School Admissions Consulting services, choose the best law schools to apply to, and then submit an application that will get you ACCEPTED. ; For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to top law schools and LLM programs. Our team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, lawyers, and professional writers who have guided our clients to acceptance at top programs including Yale, Stanford, Harvard, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Penn, NYU, and many more. Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ The Law School Admission Guide: 8 Tips for Success, a free guide †¢ Law School Admissions: What You Need to Know, a podcast episode †¢ Help! My LSAT is Low – Should I Still Apply to Law School?

Evaluate the Positive and Negative Effects of...

Evaluate the positive and negative effects of globalization in China Globalization, which is the process of enabling financial and investment markets to be operated widely and internationally, usually refers to the increasing global relationships of culture, people, and economic activities (Simon. J, 2002). It is generally used to represent economic globalization including the global distribution of the production of goods and services, through reduction of barriers to international trade such as export fees, and import quotas. â€Å"Globalization has become one of the most talked about debates of the past 10 years and as been the subject of numerous books and videos and the cause of many global demonstrations in most of the major cities all†¦show more content†¦And with the process of reformation and opening and in-depth socialistic modernisation, China is becoming increasingly closer to the world’s whole economy. To be sure, globalization has three main positive effects on China. First of all, globalization contributes to attracting foreign investment for the opening to the whole world. For western countries, China’s development has provided a huge market for them. At present, China has become one of the world’s biggest investment countries via foreign trade, and basically it is a country with complete inflow of capital. Second, globalization helps with the expansion of external trade. With more than 20 years’ efforts, external trade has become an important increasing point of China’s domestic economy. Overholt (2005) commented that about a quarter of economic growth every year depends on the external trade with China. Third, globalization is helpful with absorbing rural surplus labour force (Dauderstadt M, 2005). So far, China is still a less-developed country with a large population. In the process of industrialisation, large rural population and surplus labour force are a serious problem to solve all the time. However, in recent years, the success of a great many township enterpr ises and the development of joint ventures have brought a chance to transfer rural labour force. Compared with creating opportunities, globalization inevitably brings some challenges as well. Some of them are already evident, and some haveShow MoreRelatedAbstract. This Paper Will Discuss The Benefits And Drawbacks1720 Words   |  7 Pagesview that globalization made in the developing countries in the three important fields such as economic and trade processes, education and health systems and culture effects. It is consists of four paragraphs. In paragraph one, the benefits and detriment of globalization in the economic and trade processes field will be discussed. Then, in paragraph two, the impact of globalization on education and health systems in both sides will be shown. 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Biology Immunity and Disease

Question: Part 1.Complete a table that describes the characteristics of viruses, bacteria, fungi and protoctista.Explain the conditions necessary for the successful culture of bacteria in laboratory and the safety precautions taken when using aseptic techniques.Explain the role of antibiotics in controlling bacterial disease. Include detail of how they prevent the growth of bacteria, and factors that make antibiotics less effective, including resistance.Explain the method of transmission and treatment ofA) One bacterial diseaseB) One viral diseaseC) One parasitic disease.Part 2.Describe natural, artificial, active and passive immunity.Explain the role(s) of T and B cells in providing immunity. This could be in an annotated diagram.Name a vaccine and explain how vaccinations produce immunity. Analyse data about the vaccination, including the numbers of people immunised and any impact it has had on the number of reported incidents of that disease since it has been used.Part 3.Complete a table th at outlines three different types of genetic screening and the pros and cons of each.Complete a flow chart to show the stages of insulin production using recombinant DNA.Give an overview of the moral and ethical issues raised by DNA recombinant technology.Learning outcome Assessmentcriteria First submission Re-submission Achieved1. Understand the role of micro-organisms in causing disease. 1.1. Compare the characteristics of viruses, bacteria and protoctista.1.2. Explain the conditions necessary for the successful culture of bacteria.1.3. Explain the role of antibiotics in controlling bacterial disease.1.4. Explain the method of transmission and treatment ofa) One bacterial diseaseb) One viral diseasec) One parasitic disease.2.1. Explain the processes involved in the development of immunity.2.2. Compare the actions of B cells with those of T cells in fighting infection.2.3. Evaluate the role of vaccination in controlling disease.3. Understand the application of DNA technologies to t he diagnosis and treatment of disease.3.1. Describe the process of genetic screening.3.2. Describe the process of gene cloning into vectors and explain its use in the production of insulin.3.3. Discuss the moral and ethical issues raised by DNA recombinant technology. Answer: Part 1 Virus Bacteria Fungi ta protoctista Not living in environment, reproduce within host Single celled with spherical, rod or thread like Multicellular, heterotrophic organism Single celled or multicellular Does not respire Prokaryotic, have cell wall, cell membrane and DNA as genetic material and does not have cell organelles (Abbas, Lichtman Pillai, 2012) Eukaryotic, have cell membrane and defined nucleus Eukaryotic, contains nucleus and other smaller organelles, genetic material is packed in envelop Have only genetic material RNA/DNA Reproduce via binary fission Can reproduce sexually or asexually Reproduce via binary fission, asexual reproduction Eg. HIV, Hepatitis B Eg. E. coli, Streptococcus sp. Eg. penicillin Eg. Plasmodium falciparum Conditions necessary for bacterial culture in laboratory A growth medium with necessary nutrients is the primary requirement of bacterial culture. Usually agar gel is used, as it contains all things required by bacteria. Commercially produced media with all nutrients are used in the laboratories along with sterile water. Some organisms have special needs which are met by adding additional nutrients in the medium prepared. Most of the organism requires moderate conditions for grow including moderate temperature, 37C, neutral pH, around 7 and oxygen concentration in the case of aerobic organisms (Asthagiri Arkin, 2012). Safety precaution include washing hands, sterilizing with alcohol after using pathogenic culture, disinfecting work area with alcohol after use, working with culture under UV cabinet, using gloves, using micropipettes, clear labeling and discarding waste materials after disinfecting it (Talaro Chess, 2012). Figure: Bacterial culture (Source: Jain, 2012) Role of antibiotics in controlling bacterial disease Antibiotics are the secondary metabolites of microorganisms which either kill bacteria or block their growth while present in the culture. The bacteriostatic organisms usually blocks the growth of organism, withdrawal of antibiotic revive the function of the organism. In contrast, bactericidal antibiotic works by killing organism. They do not affect host cells (Jain, 2012). A number of factors can hamper the function of bacteria. One of them is the bacterial resistance. The resistance toward an antibiotic can be transferred to bacteria by transferring R plasmids. Figure: Antibiotic controlling bacterial growth (Source: Laskin, Sarialani Gadd, 2012) Method of transmission 1. Bacterial disease Campylobacter infection is caused by the Campylobacter sp. bacteria via contaminated food. The route of transmission is oral in this case. It causes inflammatory dysentery, diarrhea to the patient, causing dehydration. Fluoroquinolone, tetracyclines are effective antibiotic treatment against the infection (Laskin, Sarialani Gadd, 2012). 2. Viral disease Influenza virus causes flu with runny nose and related symptoms. As it is an air borne virus, the route of transmission is nasal route. It can be treated via anti viral drug treatment, which also includes antibiotic usage. 3. Parasitic disease Plasmodium falciparum is a parasite which uses two hosts in their life cycle. The parasite completes most part of its life cycle in anopheles mosquitos salivary gland and transmitted to human body by bite of infected mosquito and causes malaria. Treatment includes administration of chloroquine, mefloquine (Talaro Chess, 2012). Part 2 Natural immunity Natural immunity refers to innate or non specific immunity which is raised by body after encountering the physical and cellular barrier of defense system. Artificial immunity Artificial immunity is induced by the exposure of the patient to a vaccine, substance containing the inactivated pathogen. Active immunity When a person is exposed to a live pathogen, the resulting natural immunity of body immune system against the pathogen is known as the active immunity (Male, 2012). Passive immunity Passive immunity is induced by the antibodies which are ready-made. The active humoral immunity when transferred to the antibodies administered outside of the body, the passive immunity is developed. Role of T and B cell in immunity The T and B cells are the key players of adaptive or acquired immune system. After encountering any foreign particles, the T lymphocytes are the stimulator of adaptive and B cells are the stimulator of humoral immune system. B cells engulf the pathogens and present through MHC complex which is then bound by specific T cells and stimulates the differentiation of more T cells, on the other hand, secreted lymphokines influence differentiation of B cells into plasma and memory B cells. Plasma cells act in active immunity (Male, 2012). Polio vaccine provides immunity against the Polio virus. Two kinds of vaccines are available in market. IPV is inactivated polio vaccine in which the organism is injected in an inactivated state, against which the antibody is generated in body. OPV is oral polio vaccine, in which the live vaccine is injected in attenuated state; the organism has lost the capability of infection. IPV has been reported to immunize 99% people after 3 doses and OPV has been reported to protect 95% individual after 3 doses (Stansfield et al., 2012). Figure: Role of B and T cells in Immunity (Source: Jain, 2012) Part 3 Forensic screening Screening of genetic disease Prenatal screening Forensic screening is used for detecting criminal offenses or catastrophe victims and used for legal purposes. DNA foot printing is used in this case which uses DNA sequences from victims or accused persons sample Genetic screening is done for detecting genetic mutation, RFLP, AFLP, SNP are used for diagnosing genetic disease Prenatal testing is done for identifying any kind of genetic mutation in fetus. It is beneficial as it helps to detect the actual offensive person and helps in legal work It helps to identify genetic disorder which is beneficial if identified at first stage Pros of this testing is getting awareness of any detrimental disease of fetus Sometimes ethical issues raises regarding the forensic screening as it deals with personal information of suspect or victim (Jain, 2012) Sometimes it raise ethical issue if the stem cell therapy is necessary Sometimes it brings ethical issues, if the fetus is diagnosed to have genetic disorder, in that case the ethical concern is regarding the survival of fetus Flowchart of Insulin production by RDT Figure: Insulin production in RDT (Source: Rajagopal, 2012) Moral and ethical issues of Recombinant DNA technology The moral and ethical issues arise regarding the recombinant DNA technology arises while working with human genome. The modern techniques in RDT are capable of changing human characteristic at the gene level which is changing the natures decision. Changing human hereditary characteristic is an ethical issue, everyone would try to get the best characteristics and there would be issues regarding superiority, especially while working with stem cells. Thus human cloning has been banned (Jain, 2012). Reference List Abbas, A., Lichtman, A., Pillai, S. (2012).Cellular and molecular immunology. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. Asthagiri, A. Arkin, A. (2012).Methods in cell biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. Jain, M. (2012).Recombinant DNA techniques. Oxford: Alpha Science International. Laskin, A., Sarialani, S., Gadd, G. (2012).Advances in applied microbiology. Boston: Academic Press. Male, D. (2012).Immunology. [Edinburgh]: Mosby Elsevier. Rajagopal, K. (2012).Recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited. Stansfield, W., ColomeÃÅ' , J., Cano, R., Cullen, K. (2012).Molecular and cell biology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Talaro, K. Chess, B. (2012).Foundations in microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Essay Topics For College Admissions - Why Writing About Yourself is So Important

Essay Topics For College Admissions - Why Writing About Yourself is So ImportantGood essay topics for college admissions are usually the hardest part of writing a good essay. It's not the fact that many schools want you to write about yourself or family.They do this because they're trying to teach students to be more interesting and original with their own opinions. The most common mistakes in essay topics for college admissions are too general, repetitious or dull. In fact, some of the questions above are actually common mistakes.But the first question is whether or not to even try to write about a subject you know little about. What's worse, what if you do mention something about a person that doesn't belong? How can you prove the anecdote is about them?The second question, if it isn't too personal, but still about the person's name, is how can you get a name without using initials? You can't, unless you really work it out.This is the reason it's very important to remember who the right audience is for your essay. If you've already chosen a topic, focus on showing the reader why the topic is a good one for you. In other words, demonstrate why your topic is a good fit for you.Your final question should also be a question. It's the introduction and central focus of your essay. You will use this as your opportunity to demonstrate why your topic is something the reader should be interested in reading.Write this introduction so that it's easy to understand. This is your hook to get the reader to want to read your entire essay. It's like the heat-seeking missile in Star Wars that fires when the computer is turned on.You want your introduction to include an overview of your topic, tell about yourself in an intriguing way and develop a strong argument to back up what you're saying. It's the best way to jump-start your essay and pull in the readers.